WEEK – IV Programs
1. Command Line / Terminal (Most Common)
Save your program in a file, e.g., program.py.
- Open a terminal/command prompt.
- Navigate to the folder where the file is
saved:
·
cd
path/to/your/file
Run the file:
·
python
program.py
(Use python3 instead of python on Linux/Mac if needed.)
2.
IDLE (Python’s Built-in
IDE)
·
Open
IDLE (comes with Python).
·
Go
to File → Open…
and select your .py file.
·
Press
F5 (or Run → Run Module).
·
Output
will appear in the IDLE shell.
3.
VS Code (Visual Studio Code)
·
Install
VS Code.
·
Install
Python Extension
(by Microsoft).
·
Open
your .py file in VS Code.
·
Run:
o
Press
Run ▶ in the top right corner.
o
Or
use terminal inside VS Code:
bash
python program.py
4.
PyCharm
·
Install
PyCharm.
·
Open
a new project or import your existing one.
·
Right-click
your Python file → Run
'program'.
·
Output
shows in PyCharm’s console.
5.
Jupyter Notebook
·
Install
Jupyter:
bashpip install notebook·
Start
it:
bashjupyter notebook·
A
browser window opens → you can open .ipynb or create a new notebook.
·
To
run .py files:
python
%run program.py
6.
Google Colab (Online)
·
Open
Google Colab.
·
Upload
your .py file or copy-paste the code.
·
Run
a cell with:
python!python program.py·
Great
for cloud execution (no installation needed).
7.
Anaconda / Spyder
·
Install
Anaconda (includes Spyder IDE).
·
Open
Spyder → open your .py file.
·
Click
Run ▶
·
Output
appears in Spyder’s console.
ü For beginners → IDLE or VS Code.
ü For data science → Jupyter Notebook / Colab.
ü For advanced development → PyCharm / VS Code.
ü For quick testing → Command Line.
NOTE:
·
For 1st to 3rd Program write a separate program in notepad
and save it with source.txt and sorted_words.txt
·
Save that file in drive with separate folder and upload it in Google
colab
·
Now write a
program in Google colab and run you will get your output
1. Write a program to sort words in a file and
put them in another file. The output file should have only lower-case words, so
any upper-case words from source must be lowered.
CODE:
#
Create a source.txt file with some words
with
open("source.txt", "w") as f:
f.write("Apple orange Banana grape Cherry Mango Kiwi")
#
Program to read words from a file, sort them, and write to another file in
lowercase
# Input and output file names
input_file
= "source.txt"
output_file
= "sorted_words.txt"
# Step 1: Read all words from the input
file
with
open(input_file, "r") as f:
text = f.read()
# Step 2: Convert text to lowercase and
split into words
words
= text.lower().split()
# Step 3: Sort words alphabetically
words.sort()
# Step 4: Write sorted words into the
output file
with
open(output_file, "w") as f:
for word in words:
f.write(word + "\n")
print("Words
have been sorted and saved in", output_file)
OUTPUT:
Words have been sorted and saved in sorted_words.txt
# Display the sorted words file
with
open("sorted_words.txt", "r") as f:
print(f.read())
OUTPUT:
apple
banana
cherry
grape
kiwi
mango
orange
2. Python program to print each line of a file
in reverse order.
Code:
# Program to print each line of a file
in reverse order
# Input file name
input_file
= "source.text.txt" # Corrected filename
# Open and read file
with
open(input_file, "r") as f:
lines = f.readlines()
# Print each line in reverse
print("Reversed
lines:\n")
for line
in lines:
# Strip newline, reverse,
then print
print(line.strip()[::-1])
(Optional) — Save reversed lines into
another file
output_file = "reversed.txt"
with open(output_file, "w")
as f:
for line in lines:
f.write(line.strip()[::-1] + "\n")
print(f"Reversed lines saved in
{output_file}")
OUTPUT:
Reversed
lines:
elppA
ananab
yreehc
iwik
eparg
3. Python program to compute the number of characters, words and lines in a file.
CODE:
# Input file name
filename
= "source.txt"
# Initialize counters
num_lines
= 0
num_words
= 0
num_chars
= 0
# Open and read file
with
open(filename, "r") as f:
for line in f:
num_lines += 1
num_words += len(line.split())
num_chars += len(line)
# Display the results
print("Number
of lines:", num_lines)
print("Number
of words:", num_words)
print("Number
of characters:", num_chars)
OUTPUT:
Number
of lines: 5
Number
of words: 5
Number of characters: 34
Explanation:
·
len(line.split())
→ counts words in a line.
·
len(line) →
counts all characters including spaces and newline (\n).
·
num_lines +=
1 → counts total lines.
4. Write a program to create, display, append, inserts
and reverses the order of the items in the array.
CODE:
from
array import array
# Step 1: Create an array of integers
arr =
array('i', [10, 20, 30, 40, 50])
print("Original
array:", arr.tolist())
# Step 2: Display array elements
print("Array
elements:")
for i
in arr:
print(i, end=" ")
print()
# Step 3: Append an element
arr.append(60)
print("\nAfter
appending 60:", arr.tolist())
# Step 4: Insert an element at a
specific position
arr.insert(2,
25) # insert 25 at index 2
print("After
inserting 25 at index 2:", arr.tolist())
# Step 5: Reverse the array
arr.reverse()
print("After
reversing:", arr.tolist())
OUTPUT:
Original
array: [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
Array
elements:
10
20 30 40 50
After
appending 60: [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]
After
inserting 25 at index 2: [10, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60]
After reversing: [60, 50, 40, 30, 25, 20, 10]
Explanation
·
array('i', [...]) → creates
an integer array.
·
append() → adds an item at
the end.
·
insert(index, value) →
inserts at a specific index.
·
reverse() → reverses the
array in place.
·
tolist() → converts the array
to a normal Python list for easy printing.
5. Write a program to add, transpose and
multiply two matrices.
CODE:
# Program to add, transposes, and multiplies
two matrices
# Step 1: Define two matrices
A = [
[1, 2, 3],
[4, 5, 6],
[7, 8, 9]
]
B = [
[9, 8, 7],
[6, 5, 4],
[3, 2, 1]
]
# Step 2: Matrix Addition
add_result
= [[A[i][j] + B[i][j] for j in range(len(A[0]))] for i in range(len(A))]
# Step 3: Transpose of Matrix A
transpose_A
= [[A[j][i] for j in range(len(A))] for i in range(len(A[0]))]
# Step 4: Matrix Multiplication (A × B)
multiply_result
= [[sum(A[i][k] * B[k][j] for k in range(len(B))) for j in range(len(B[0]))]
for i in range(len(A))]
# Step 5: Display Results
print("Matrix
A:")
for
row in A:
print(row)
print("\nMatrix
B:")
for
row in B:
print(row)
print("\nAddition
of A and B:")
for
row in add_result:
print(row)
print("\nTranspose
of A:")
for
row in transpose_A:
print(row)
print("\nMultiplication
of A and B:")
for
row in multiply_result:
print(row)
OUTPUT:
Matrix
A:
[1,
2, 3]
[4,
5, 6]
[7,
8, 9]
Matrix
B:
[9,
8, 7]
[6,
5, 4]
[3,
2, 1]
Addition
of A and B:
[10,
10, 10]
[10,
10, 10]
[10,
10, 10]
Transpose
of A:
[1,
4, 7]
[2,
5, 8]
[3,
6, 9]
Multiplication
of A and B:
[30,
24, 18]
[84,
69, 54]
[138,
114, 90]
Explanation
·
Addition: Add elements at the same
positions.
·
Transpose: Swap rows with columns.
·
Multiplication: Use dot product of rows and
columns.
6.
Write a Python program to create a class that represents a shape. Include
methods to calculate its area and perimeter. Implement subclasses for different
shapes like circle, triangle, and square.
CODE:
Program: Shape Class with Subclasses
import math
# Base
class
class Shape:
def area(self):
return 0
def perimeter(self):
return 0
#
Subclass: Circle
class Circle(Shape):
def __init__(self, radius):
self.radius = radius
def area(self):
return math.pi * self.radius ** 2
def perimeter(self):
return 2 * math.pi * self.radius
#
Subclass: Square
class Square(Shape):
def __init__(self, side):
self.side = side
def area(self):
return self.side ** 2
def perimeter(self):
return 4 * self.side
#
Subclass: Triangle
class Triangle(Shape):
def __init__(self, a, b, c):
self.a = a
self.b = b
self.c = c
def perimeter(self):
return self.a + self.b + self.c
def area(self):
# Using Heron's Formula
s = self.perimeter() / 2
return math.sqrt(s * (s - self.a) * (s
- self.b) * (s - self.c))
# ----
Test the classes ----
#
Create objects
circle = Circle(5)
square = Square(4)
triangle = Triangle(3, 4, 5)
#
Display results
print("Circle: Area
=", round(circle.area(), 2), "Perimeter =",
round(circle.perimeter(), 2))
print("Square: Area
=", square.area(), "Perimeter =", square.perimeter())
print("Triangle: Area
=", round(triangle.area(), 2), "Perimeter =",
triangle.perimeter())
OUTPUT:
Circle: Area = 78.54 Perimeter = 31.42
Square: Area = 16 Perimeter = 16
Triangle: Area = 6.0 Perimeter = 12
Concepts Used
- Base class (Shape) defines common
methods (area() and perimeter()).
- Subclasses (Circle, Square, Triangle) override these methods.
- Heron’s formula is used to
calculate the triangle’s area.
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